The word "periodontal" literally means "around the tooth." Periodontal diseases or gum diseases are chronic bacterial gum infections that destroy the attachment fibers and supporting bone that hold your teeth in your mouth. The cause of all forms of periodontal diseases is bacterial plaque, a sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on your teeth, as well as your body's response to this plaque. If plaque is not removed, it can turn into a hard substance called calculus (tartar).
Calculus is so hard it can only be removed with professional cleanings. Tartar control
toothpaste and mouthrinses are not a substitute for thorough professional cleanings. If
calculus develops below the gums onto the root, it makes plaque removal impossible, leaving
you at an increased risk for bone loss.
Toxins or poisons produced by the bacteria in plaque irritate the gums, causing infections. These toxins initiate the inflammatory process, which destroy the bone around the teeth. Some patients have an overreaction to the bacteria, the body's immune response, which causes further damage. The gums start to separate from the teeth, forming pockets that fill with even more bacteria, blood and pus. As the disease progresses, these pockets deepen and more bone is destroyed and eventually, the teeth become loose and may need to be removed if the infection is not treated.
Why should I be aware of the link between your general health and periodontal disease?
The bacteria associated with an active periodontal infection can be forced into the bloodstream with brushing, flossing and even when eating. The risk of a bacteremia increases with the severity of your condition. The bacteria can travel to major organs to begin new infections.
Recent research suggests a link between gum disease, coronary artery disease, mitral valve prolapse, heart murmur, rheumatic heart disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes, pre-term delivery and low-birth weight babies.
Given the link between the bacteria that cause gum disease and physical diseases, treatment and prevention of periodontal disease is an important step in maintaining overall health. If needed, we will communicate with your physician to help you protect both your dental health and your overall health.
How are periodontal diseases or gum diseases treated?
Periodontal diseases, as well as risk factors, are often diagnosed through a comprehensive periodontal examination. During your examination, we will review your medical and dental histories and perform a thorough clinical examination, x-ray analysis and oral cancer screening. In some cases, microbiologic, genetic and other diagnostic tests may be performed.
This is the time to discuss other factors that may contribute to your gum condition, such as tobacco use, pregnancy, stress, medications, clenching or grinding of your teeth, diabetes, poor nutrition and other general health conditions. Periodontal treatment or therapy can vary widely depending upon the progression of the disease process. Non-surgical and surgical options are available in arresting and controlling periodontal diseases.
